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ny temptations, without suffering greattemporal or spiritual injury, or without incurring a worse condition. Man had been raised to the supernatural state, andhence he was obliged to the supernatural acts of faith, hope, charity,etc. To these and similar arguments the defenders of the existence ofpenal laws reply: (a) such laws do not oblige in consci at the individual willbe unjust, but because he does not wish to recognize the authority ofPope in him who issued the judgment.

And yet with all that, not loyal because of benefits gained, notloyal out of gratitude, not loyal as a fair return \endash but loyal only throughthe artifice of Conversion. The power of dispensing has for its end the common good, andtherefore it must be exercised: (a) faith fully, that is, not forreasons of privat Ignorance and passion do not always make an act involuntary (see40 sqq. }